Incamake ya tekiniki y'ibisobanuro bya HDMI 2.1b

Incamake ya tekiniki y'ibisobanuro bya HDMI 2.1b

Ku bakunzi b'amajwi n'amashusho, ibikoresho bizwi cyane nta gushidikanya ni insinga za HDMI na interfaces. Kuva verisiyo ya 1.0 ya HDMI yasohoka mu 2002, imaze imyaka irenga 20. Mu myaka irenga 20 ishize, HDMI yabaye umurongo ngenderwaho ukoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'amajwi n'amashusho. Dukurikije inyandiko zemewe, umubare w'ibikoresho bya HDMI wageze kuri miliyari 11, bingana na hafi ibikoresho bibiri bya HDMI kuri buri muntu ku isi. Akamaro gakomeye ka HDMI ni uburyo isanzwe ikoreshwa. Mu myaka 20 ishize, ingano y'umurongo ngenderwaho wa HDMI ntabwo yahindutse, kandi porogaramu ya porogaramu yageze ku guhuza neza. Ibi byoroshye cyane ku bikoresho binini byo mu rugo bifite ivugurura rito ry'ibikoresho, cyane cyane televiziyo. Nubwo televiziyo yo mu rugo ari moderi ishaje yo mu myaka irenga icumi ishize, ishobora guhuzwa na consoles z'imikino zo mu gisekuru gitaha nta adapters zikenewe. Kubwibyo, mu myaka ya vuba aha, HDMI yasimbuye vuba videwo, AV, amajwi, n'izindi interfaces kuri televiziyo kandi yabaye umurongo ngenderwaho ukoreshwa cyane kuri televiziyo. Imibare igaragaza ko ibikoresho byose bya televiziyo biri ku isoko mu 2024 bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya HDMI, kandi HDMI nayo yabaye carrier nziza cyane ku buryo bworoshye nka 4K, 8K, na HDR. Uburyo bwa HDMI 2.1a bwongeye kuvugururwa: buzongera ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ku nsinga kandi bugasaba ko hashyirwaho chips mu bikoresho byayo.

HDMI® Specification 2.1b ni verisiyo iheruka ya HDMI® Specification, ishyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvugurura amashusho no kuvugurura, harimo 8K60 na 4K120, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo kugarura amashusho bugera kuri 10K. Ishyigikira kandi imiterere ya HDR ihindagurika, aho ubushobozi bwo kugabanya amashusho buzamuka bukagera kuri 48Gbps HDMI. Insinga nshya za HDMI zihuta cyane zishyigikira uburyo bwo kugabanya amashusho bwa 48Gbps. Izi nsinga zemeza ko hatangwa uburyo bwo kugabanya amashusho bwa 8K budafite ubushobozi bwo kuyakoresha hamwe n'amashusho ya HDR. Zifite EMI yo hasi cyane (interference electromagnetic), igabanya ingaruka ku bikoresho bidafite insinga biri hafi aho. Insinga zirahuza inyuma kandi zishobora no gukoreshwa n'ibikoresho bihari bya HDMI.

Ibiranga HDMI 2.1b birimo:

Videwo ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru: Ishobora gushyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvugurura no kuvugurura vuba (harimo 8K60Hz na 4K120Hz), itanga uburyo bwo kureba neza no gukora ibintu byihuta. Ishyigikira ubushobozi bwo kureba uburebure bwa 10K, ihura n'ibikenewe muri porogaramu za AV z'ubucuruzi, iz'inganda, n'iz'umwuga.
Dynamic HDR igenzura ko buri gice ndetse na buri shusho ya videwo igaragaza agaciro gakwiye k'ubujyakuzimu, ibisobanuro birambuye, urumuri, itandukaniro, n'amabara menshi.
Gushushanya imiterere y'amajwi ashingiye ku isoko (SBTM) ni uburyo bushya bwa HDR. Uretse gushushanya HDR byuzuzwa n'igikoresho cyo kwerekana, binafasha igikoresho cyo kwerekana gukora igice cya HDR mapping. SBTM ni ingirakamaro cyane iyo uhuza videwo za HDR na SDR cyangwa amashusho mu ishusho imwe, nko gushushanya mu ifoto cyangwa guide za porogaramu hamwe na videwo zashyizwe hamwe. SBTM kandi yemerera mudasobwa n'ibikoresho byo gukina gukina gukora ibimenyetso bya HDR byikora kugira ngo bikoreshe neza ubushobozi bwa HDR bwo kwerekana hatabayeho gushyiraho igikoresho cyo kwerekana igikoresho.

Insinga za HDMI zihuta cyane zishobora gushyigikira imikorere ya HDMI 2.1b idafunze neza ndetse n'umuyoboro wa 48G ishyigikira. EMI isohoka mu nsinga ni nto cyane. Nanone zikoreshwa inyuma na verisiyo za kera za HDMI kandi zishobora gukoreshwa n'ibikoresho bya HDMI bihari.
Ibisobanuro bya HDMI 2.1b bisimbura 2.0b, mu gihe ibisobanuro bya 2.1a bikomeje kwerekeza no kwishingikiriza ku bisobanuro bya HDMI 1.4b. HDMI®
Uburyo bwo kumenya ibicuruzwa bya HDMI 2.1b
Ibisobanuro bya HDMI 2.1b birimo insinga nshya - Umugozi wa Ultra High-Speed ​​HDMI®. Ni wo mugozi wonyine wujuje ibisabwa, ugamije kwemeza ko imikorere yose ya HDMI 2.1b ishyigikiwe, harimo na 8k@60 na 4K@120 idakandagijwe. Ubushobozi bw'umugozi bw'iyi nsinga butera umuvuduko wa 48Gbps. Insinga zose zemewe z'uburebure ubwo aribwo bwose zigomba gutsinda ibizamini byo kwemeza ikigo cyemewe cyo gusuzuma HDMI Forum (Forum ATC). Iyo insinga imaze kwemezwa, izakenera kuba ifite ikirango cya Ultra High-Speed ​​HDMI gishyirwa kuri buri paki cyangwa igice cyo kugurisha, kugira ngo abaguzi bashobore kugenzura imiterere y'icyemezo cy'ibicuruzwa. Kugira ngo umenye insinga, menya neza ko ikirango cya Ultra High-Speed ​​HDMI gikenewe nk'uko bigaragara haruguru kigaragara ku ipaki. Menya ko ikirango cyemewe cy'izina ry'insinga cyanditse ku kirango. Iri zina rigomba kandi kugaragara ku gice cyo hanze cy'insinga. Kugira ngo wemeze niba insinga yapimwe kandi yemejwe kandi ikubahiriza amabwiriza ya HDMI 2.1b, ushobora gushakisha kode ya QR iri ku kirango ukoresheje porogaramu yo kwemeza insinga ya HDMI iboneka muri Apple App Store, Google Play Store, n'andi maduka ya porogaramu za Android.

Insinga isanzwe ya HDMI 2.1b ifite insinga 5 zigoramye imbere muri iyo nsinga, aho ibara ry'inyuma ari umuhondo, umuhondo, umweru, umutuku, kandi hari amatsinda 2 y'imiyoboro ihuza insinga 6 zose, bigatuma insinga 21 zose zikora. Kuri ubu, ubwiza bw'insinga za HDMI buratandukanye cyane kandi hari itandukaniro rinini. Ubusumbane burenze kure ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Bamwe mu bakora bashobora gukora ibicuruzwa bya metero 3 byarangiye bifite insinga za 30AWG zujuje ibisabwa bya EMI kandi zifite umurambararo wa 18G, mu gihe insinga zimwe na zimwe zikurwamo n'abakora zifite umurambararo wa 13.5G gusa, izindi zifite umurambararo wa 10.2G gusa, ndetse zimwe zifite umurambararo wa 5G gusa. Ku bw'amahirwe, Ishyirahamwe rya HDMI rifite ibisobanuro birambuye, kandi mu kubigereranya, umuntu ashobora kumenya ubwiza bw'insinga. Ibisobanuro by'imiterere y'insinga ubu: insinga ya aluminiyumu iri muri paki ya 5P ikoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru n'itsinda rimwe ry'ibimenyetso bya DDC mu mabwiriza y'itumanaho. Imirimo y'insinga 7 z'umuringa ni: imwe yo gutanga amashanyarazi, indi yo gukoresha CEC, ebyiri zo gusubiza amajwi (ARC), itsinda rimwe ry'ibimenyetso bya DDC (insinga ebyiri z'ibanze zifite ifuro n'indi yo hasi ifite icyuma gikingira aluminiyumu) ​​ku buryo bwo gutumanaho. Amahitamo atandukanye y'ibikoresho n'imikorere bituma imiterere y'ibikoresho by'insinga n'imikorere bitanga itandukaniro rikomeye ku giciro n'ibiciro binini. Birumvikana ko imikorere y'insinga ijyanye nayo iratandukanye cyane. Hasi hari uburyo bimwe mu bikoresho byujuje ibisabwa bikoreshwa mu nsinga bitandukana.

Verisiyo isanzwe ya HDMI

Insinga y'umuringa yo hanze iraboshye. Impande ebyiri zikozwe mu bikoresho bya Mylar n'urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu.

Imbere hapfundikiwe neza n'igipfundikizo cy'icyuma kuva hejuru kugeza hasi. Iyo igipfundikizo cy'icyuma kiri hejuru gikuweho, haba hari kaseti y'umuhondo ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi itwikiriye imbere. Mu gukuraho icyuma gihuza, bigaragara ko buri nsinga iri imbere ihujwe n'insinga y'amakuru, izwi kandi nka "full pins". Cyane cyane, hejuru y'urutoki rwa zahabu ifite urwego rwa zahabu, kandi itandukaniro ry'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa nyabyo riri muri ibi bisobanuro.

Muri iki gihe, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa HDMI 2.1b buhuye n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ku isoko, nka Slim HDMI na OD 3.0mm HDMI, zikwiriye cyane ahantu hato n'insinga zihishe;
HDMI y'Inguni y'Iburyo (inkokora ya dogere 90) na HDMI y'Umugozi wa 90 L/T, byoroshye guhuza ibikoresho mu myanya mito;
Insinga ya MINI HDMI (ubwoko bwa C) na Nsinga ya MICRO HDMI (ubwoko bwa D), ikwiriye ibikoresho bitwarwa nka kamera na tableti;
Insinga zifite imikorere myiza nka 8K HDMI, 48Gbps Spring HDMI, nibindi, zituma uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bugufi buhora buhagaze neza;
Ibikoresho bya HDMI byoroshye na Spring HDMI bifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kunama no kuramba;
Modeli za Slim 8K HDMI, MINI na MICRO zifite ibikoresho by'icyuma bifasha mu kurinda no kuramba kw'urusobe rw'amakuru, cyane cyane zikoreshwa mu nganda cyangwa ahantu hashobora kubangamira cyane.
Iyo abaguzi baguze, uretse kumenya ikirango cy’iyemezabuguzi ya HDMI yihuta cyane, bagomba kandi guhuza ubwoko bw’igikoresho cyabo (nk’uko hakenewe HDMI ntoya cyangwa HDMI ntoya) n’uburyo bwo gukoresha (nk’uko hakenewe inguni iburyo cyangwa igishushanyo gito) kugira ngo bahitemo insinga ya HDMI 2.1b ikwiriye kugira ngo barebe ko ikora neza kandi ihuye neza.