Sisitemu zo kubika amakuru muri iki gihe ntizikura gusa kuri terabits kandi zifite umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru uri hejuru, ahubwo zinasaba ingufu nke kandi zigatwara igice gito cy'ibanga. Izi sisitemu nazo zikeneye guhuza neza kugira ngo zitange uburyo bworoshye bwo koroshya. Abashushanya bakeneye imiyoboro mito yo guhuza amakuru kugira ngo batange umuvuduko w'amakuru ukenewe uyu munsi cyangwa mu gihe kizaza. Kandi ihame kuva umuntu avutse kugeza ateye imbere kandi rigakura buhoro buhoro ntabwo ari akazi k'umunsi. Cyane cyane mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga iryo ari ryo ryose rihora ritera imbere kandi rihinduka, kimwe n'imiterere ya Serial Attached SCSI (SAS). Nk'umusimbura wa SCSI isanzwe, imiterere ya SAS imaze igihe.
Mu myaka SAS imaze inyuramo, ibisobanuro byayo byaranogejwe, nubwo protocole y’ibanze yakomeje kubungabungwa, muri rusange nta mpinduka nyinshi zabayeho, ariko ibisobanuro bya connector yo hanze byahindutse cyane, ari nabyo byahinduwe na SAS kugira ngo bihuze n’ibidukikije ku isoko, hamwe n’izi ntambwe z’inyongera kugeza ku birometero igihumbi, ibisobanuro bya SAS byarushijeho gukura. Ibisobanuro bya connector by’ibisobanuro bitandukanye byitwa SAS, kandi ihinduka kuva kuri parallel ujya kuri serial, kuva kuri ikoranabuhanga rya SCSI parallel ujya kuri serial connected SCSI (SAS) ryahinduye cyane gahunda yo gukoresha insinga. SCSI ya kera parallel yashoboraga gukora single-end cyangwa differential kuri channels 16 kugeza kuri 320Mb/s. Kuri ubu, interface ya SAS3.0 ikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu bubiko bw’ibigo iracyakoreshwa ku isoko, ariko bandwidth yihuta kabiri kurusha SAS3 itaravugururwa igihe kirekire, ari yo 24Gbps, hafi 75% bya bandwidth ya PCIe3.0×4 solid-state drive isanzwe. Umuhuza wa MiniSAS uheruka gusobanurwa mu bisobanuro bya SAS-4 ni muto kandi wemerera ubucucike bwinshi. Umuhuza wa Mini-SAS uheruka ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'umuhuza wa SCSI wa mbere na 70% by'umuhuza wa SAS. Bitandukanye n'umuyoboro wa SCSI wa mbere uhuza, SAS na Mini SAS byombi bifite imiyoboro ine. Ariko, uretse umuvuduko mwinshi, ubucucike bwinshi, no koroha kurushaho, hariho no kwiyongera k'ubugoranye. Kubera ko ingano y'umuhuza ari nto, uwakoze insinga za mbere, umuhuza w'insinga, n'uwashushanyije sisitemu bagomba kwitondera cyane ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso mu gihe cyose cyo guteranya insinga.
Si ibikoresho byose biteranya insinga bishobora gutanga ibimenyetso byihuse cyane kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe mu bubiko bw'ibirango. Ibikoresho biteranya insinga bikeneye ibisubizo byiza kandi bihendutse ku buryo bugezweho bwo kubika. Kugira ngo hakorwe insinga zihamye kandi zirambye, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Uretse kubungabunga ireme ry'imashini zikora n'izitunganya, abashushanya bagomba kwita cyane ku bipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'ibirango bituma insinga z'ibikoresho bitwara ububiko bwihuse muri iki gihe zishoboka.
Ibisobanuro by'ubuziranenge bw'ikimenyetso (Ni ikihe kimenyetso cyuzuye?)
Bimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi by'ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso birimo gutakaza umurongo, kuvugana hagati y'ibintu hafi n'ibintu birebire, gutakaza gusubira inyuma, guhindagurika kw'itandukaniro hagati y'ibintu, hamwe n'uburebure bw'uburyo butandukanye bugana kuri common mode. Nubwo ibi bintu bifitanye isano kandi bigira ingaruka ku bindi, dushobora gusuzuma ikintu kimwe kimwe kugira ngo twige ingaruka zacyo nyamukuru.
Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo (Ibipimo by'inshuro nyinshi z'ibanze 01- ibipimo byo kugabanya ubushobozi)
Igihombo cyo kwinjira ni igihombo cy'ubwinshi bw'ikimenyetso kuva ku mpera y'umugozi ujya ku mpera yakira, ibyo bikaba bihuye neza n'umuvuduko. Igihombo cyo kwinjira giterwa kandi n'umubare w'insinga, nk'uko bigaragara ku gishushanyo kiri hepfo. Ku bice by'imbere by'umugozi wa 30 cyangwa 28-AWG, umugozi mwiza ugomba kuba ufite igihombo kiri munsi ya 2dB/m kuri 1.5GHz. Ku mugozi wo hanze wa 6Gb/s ukoresheje insinga za 10m, umugozi ufite igipimo mpuzandengo cya 24 urasabwa, ufite igihombo cya 13dB gusa kuri 3GHz. Niba ushaka igihombo kinini cy'ikimenyetso ku gipimo cyo hejuru cy'amakuru, garagaza umugozi ufite igihombo gito ku mivuduko yo hejuru ku nsinga ndende.
Crosstalk (Ibipimo by'ibanze bya Frequency 03- Ibipimo bya Crosstalk)
Ingano y'ingufu zoherezwa kuva ku kimenyetso kimwe cyangwa ku gipimo kimwe zijya ku kindi. Ku nsinga za SAS, niba crosstalk ya hafi (NEXT) idahagije, bizatera ibibazo byinshi byo guhuza. Igipimo cya NEXT gikorerwa ku mpera imwe gusa y'insinga, kandi ni ingano y'ingufu zoherezwa kuva ku gipimo cyo kohereza kijya ku gipimo cyo kwakira. Crosstalk ya kure (FEXT) ipimwa hakoreshejwe gushyira ikimenyetso cy'impande zohereza ku mpera imwe y'insinga no kureba ingufu zisigaye ku kimenyetso cyo kohereza ku yindi mpera y'insinga.
INEXT mu guteranya insinga n'umuhuza akenshi biterwa no kutageranya neza kw'imirongo y'ibimenyetso, bishobora guterwa n'aho imiyoboro n'amaplagi bisohokera, kudashyira hasi neza, cyangwa gukoresha nabi agace gahagarika insinga. Umushushanyi wa sisitemu agomba kwemeza ko umuhuza w'insinga yakemuye ibi bibazo bitatu.
Imirongo y'igihombo ku nsinga zisanzwe za 100Ω za 24, 26, na 28
Guteranya insinga nziza hakurikijwe "SFF-8410-Specification for HSS Copper Testing and Performance Requirements" byapimwe NEXT bigomba kuba biri munsi ya 3%. Ku bijyanye na s-parameter, NEXT igomba kuba iri hejuru ya 28dB.
Igihombo cyo kugaruka (Ibipimo by'ibanze bya Frequency 06- Igihombo cyo kugaruka)
Igihombo cyo kugaruka gipima ingano y'ingufu zigaragara muri sisitemu cyangwa insinga iyo ikimenyetso gishyizwemo. Izi ngufu zigaragara zishobora gutuma ikimenyetso kigabanuka ku mpera y'insinga kandi zishobora guteza ibibazo by'ubuziranenge bw'ibimenyetso ku mpera yo kohereza, ibyo bikaba byatera ibibazo byo kubangamira amashanyarazi kuri sisitemu n'abashushanya sisitemu.
Uku gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugaruka guterwa no kudahuza neza kw'impedance mu guteranya insinga. Gusa iyo ufashe iki kibazo witonze cyane, impedance y'ikimenyetso ntihinduka iyo inyuze mu gice cyo hejuru, aho impédance n'insinga bihagarara, bityo impinduka z'impedance zikagabanuka. Igipimo cya SAS-4 kiriho ubu cyavuguruwe kikagera ku gipimo cya impedance cya ±3Ω ugereranije na ±10Ω ya SAS-2, kandi ibisabwa ku nsinga nziza bigomba kuguma mu rugero rwa 85 cyangwa 100±3Ω.
Guhindura isura y'amabara
Mu nsinga za SAS, hari uburyo bubiri bwo guhindagurika: hagati y’itandukaniro ry’impande zombi no mu buryo bwo guhindagurika (ikimenyetso cy’itandukaniro ry’inyigo y’ubuziranenge bw’ibimenyetso). Muri teyori, iyo ibimenyetso byinshi byinjiye ku mpera imwe y’insinga, bigomba kugera ku rundi ruhande icyarimwe. Niba ibyo bimenyetso bitageze icyarimwe, iki kintu cyitwa guhindagurika kw’insinga, cyangwa guhindagurika kw’igihe gito. Ku bijyanye n’itandukaniro, guhindagurika kw’impande zombi mu buryo bwo guhindagurika ni ugutinda hagati y’insinga ebyiri z’uburyo bwo gutandukanya, naho guhindagurika kw’impande zombi mu buryo bwo gutandukana ni ugutinda hagati y’amaseti abiri y’uburyo bwo gutandukanya. Guhindagurika kw’uburyo bwo guhindagurika kw’uburyo bwo gutandukanya bizarushaho kwangiza itandukaniro ry’ikimenyetso cyoherezwa, bigabanye uburebure bw’ikimenyetso, byongera igihe cyo guhindagurika no guteza ibibazo byo kubangamira amashanyarazi. Itandukaniro ry’uburyo bwiza bwo guhindagurika kw’uburyo bwo guhindagurika bw’imbere rigomba kuba munsi ya 10ps
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-30-2023
