USB 4 Intangiriro

USB 4 Intangiriro

USB4 ni sisitemu ya USB igaragara mubisobanuro bya USB4. Ihuriro rya USB Developers Forum ryasohoye verisiyo ya 1.0 ku ya 29 Kanama 2019. Izina ryuzuye rya USB4 ni Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza amakuru “Thunderbolt 3 ″ ryakozwe na Intel na Apple. Umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru kuri USB4 ushobora kugera kuri 40 Gbps, ukaba wikubye kabiri umuvuduko wa USB 3.2 iherutse gusohoka (Gen2 × 2).

Bitandukanye na USB protocole yambere, USB4 isaba USB-C ihuza kandi ikeneye inkunga ya USB PD kugirango itange amashanyarazi. Ugereranije na USB 3.2, iremera gukora tunel ya DisplayPort na PCI Express. Ubu bwubatsi busobanura uburyo bwo gusaranganya mu buryo bwihuse umurongo umwe wihuta wihuta hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bya terefone, bishobora gukemura neza amakuru yoherejwe kubwoko no gusaba. Ibicuruzwa bya USB4 bigomba gushyigikira ibicuruzwa 20 Gbit / s kandi birashobora gushyigikira ibicuruzwa 40 Gbit / s. Ariko, kubera kohereza umuyoboro, mugihe wohereza amakuru avanze, niyo amakuru yatanzwe ku gipimo cya 20 Gbit / s, igipimo nyacyo cyo kohereza amakuru gishobora kuba kinini kuruta icya USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Itangiriro 2).

USB4 igabanijwemo verisiyo ebyiri: 20Gbps na 40Gbps. Ibikoresho bifite interineti ya USB4 iboneka ku isoko birashobora gutanga umuvuduko wa 40Gbps ya Thunderbolt 3 cyangwa verisiyo yagabanijwe ya 20Gbps. Niba ushaka kugura igikoresho gifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kohereza, ni ukuvuga 40Gbps, nibyiza kugenzura ibisobanuro mbere yo kugura. Kuri ssenarios isaba kwihuta kwihuta, guhitamo USB 3.1 C TO C ikwiye ningirakamaro kuko aribwo bwikorezi bwingenzi bwo kugera ku gipimo cya 40Gbps.

Abantu benshi bayobewe isano iri hagati ya USB4 na Thunderbolt 4. Mubyukuri, Thunderbolt 4 na USB4 zombi zubatswe zishingiye kuri protocole ishingiye kuri Thunderbolt 3. Zuzuzanya kandi zirahuza. Imigaragarire ni Ubwoko-C, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa ni 40 Gbps kuri byombi.

Mbere ya byose, umugozi wa USB4 tuvuze ni uburyo bwo kohereza USB, aribwo buryo bwa protocole bujyanye n'imikorere n'ubushobozi bwo kohereza USB. USB4 irashobora kumvikana nk "igisekuru cya kane" cyihariye.

Porotokole ya USB yoherejwe hamwe yatanzwe kandi itezwa imbere n’amasosiyete menshi arimo Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, na Nortel mu 1994. Yasohowe nka USB V0.7 verisiyo yo ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1994. Nyuma, ayo masosiyete yashinze umuryango udaharanira inyungu wo guteza imbere no gushyigikira USB mu 1995, witwa USB Implementers Forum, ikaba isanzwe ari USB-IF, kandi USB-IF ubu ni USB isanzwe.

Muri 1996, USB-NIBA yatanze kumugaragaro USB1.0. Nyamara, igipimo cyo kohereza USB1.0 cyari 1.5 Mbps gusa, ibyasohotse cyane byari 5V / 500mA, kandi muricyo gihe, wasangaga ibikoresho bike cyane bya periferique byashyigikiraga USB, kubwibyo abakora mububiko bwa mama ntibakunze gukora USB interineti kububiko.

▲ USB 1.0

Muri Nzeri 1998, USB-NIBA yasohoye USB 1.1. Igipimo cyo kohereza cyongerewe kuri 12 Mbps kuriyi nshuro, kandi amakuru ya tekinike muri USB 1.0 yarakosowe. Ibisohoka ntarengwa byagumye 5V / 500mA.

Muri Mata 2000, hashyizweho igipimo cya USB 2.0, gifite umuvuduko wa 480 Mbps, ni 60MB / s. Ni inshuro 40 za USB 1.1. Ibisohoka ntarengwa ni 5V / 500mA, kandi ifata igishushanyo cya 4-pin. USB 2.0 iracyakoreshwa kugeza na nubu kandi birashobora kuvugwa ko aribisanzwe birebire USB.

Guhera kuri USB 2.0, USB-NIBA yerekanye "impano yabo idasanzwe" muguhindura izina.

Muri kamena 2003, USB-NIBA yahinduye ibisobanuro n'ibipimo bya USB, ihindura USB 1.0 ihinduka USB 2.0 yihuta yihuta, USB 1.1 ikagera kuri USB 2.0 Yuzuye-yihuta, na USB 2.0 kuri USB 2.0 yihuta.

Ariko, iri hinduka ntacyo ryagize ku miterere yiki gihe, kuko USB 1.0 na 1.1 ahanini byavuye mumateka.

Mu Gushyingo 2008, Itsinda rya USB 3.0 ryamamaza, rigizwe n’ibihangange mu nganda nka Intel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, na ST-NXP, byujuje ubuziranenge bwa USB 3.0 birabisohora ku mugaragaro. Izina ryemewe ryatanzwe ni "SuperSpeed". Itsinda rya USB Promoteri rishinzwe cyane cyane guteza imbere no gushyiraho ibipimo byuruhererekane rwa USB, kandi amaherezo bizashyikirizwa USB-IF kugirango bayobore.

Igipimo ntarengwa cyo kohereza USB 3.0 kigera kuri 5.0 Gbps, ni 640MB / s. Ibisohoka ntarengwa ni 5V / 900mA. Ihuza neza na 2.0 kandi ishyigikira ihererekanyamakuru ryuzuye (ni ukuvuga, irashobora kwakira no kohereza amakuru icyarimwe, mugihe USB 2.0 ari kimwe cya kabiri-duplex), kimwe no kugira ubushobozi bwiza bwo gucunga ingufu nibindi biranga.

USB 3.0 ikoresha igishushanyo cya 9-pin. Amapine 4 yambere arasa naya USB 2.0, mugihe amapine 5 asigaye yagenewe byumwihariko USB 3.0. Kubwibyo, urashobora kumenya niba ari USB 2.0 cyangwa USB 3.0 ukoresheje pin.

Muri Nyakanga 2013, USB 3.1 yasohotse, ifite umuvuduko wa 10 Gbps (1280 MB / s), ivuga ko ari SuperSpeed +, kandi n’amashanyarazi ntarengwa yemererwa gutanga amashanyarazi yazamutse agera kuri 20V / 5A, ni 100W.

Kuzamura USB 3.1 ugereranije na USB 3.0 nabyo byagaragaye cyane. Ariko, bidatinze, USB-NIBA yahinduye USB 3.0 nka USB 3.1 Gen1, na USB 3.1 nka USB 3.1 Gen2.

Iri zina ryahinduye izina ryateje ikibazo kubaguzi kuko abadandaza benshi batitonda bagaragaje gusa ibicuruzwa nkibishyigikira USB 3.1 mubipfunyika baterekanye niba ari Gen1 cyangwa Gen2. Mubyukuri, imikorere yo kohereza byombi iratandukanye cyane, kandi abaguzi barashobora kugwa mumutego kubwimpanuka. Kubwibyo, iri zina ryahinduwe ryabaye ikintu kibi kubakoresha benshi.

Muri Nzeri 2017, USB 3.2 yasohotse. Munsi ya USB Type-C, ishyigikira imiyoboro ibiri ya 10 Gbps yo kohereza amakuru, hamwe n'umuvuduko wa 20 Gb / s (2500 MB / s), kandi ibyasohotse cyane biracyari 20V / 5A. Ibindi bice bifite iterambere rito.

▲ Inzira yizina rya USB irahinduka

Ariko, muri 2019, USB-NIBA yazanye irindi zina ryahinduwe. Bahinduye USB 3.1 Gen1 (niyo yari USB 3.0 yambere) nka USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (yari USB 3.1 yambere) nka USB 3.2 Gen2, na USB 3.2 nka USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2.

Noneho na Kazoza: Gusimbuka Imbere ya USB4

Noneho ko tumaze kugera kuri USB4, reka turebere hamwe kuzamura no kunoza iyi protocole nshya. Mbere na mbere, kubera ko ari ukuzamura ibisekuruza kuva kuri "3 ″ kugeza kuri" 4 ″, iterambere rigomba kuba ingirakamaro.

Dushingiye ku makuru yose twakusanyije, ibintu bishya bya USB4 byavuzwe muri make ku buryo bukurikira:

1. Umuvuduko ntarengwa wohereza wa 40 Gbps:

Binyuze mu miyoboro ibiri, umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kohereza USB4 ugomba kuba ushobora kugera kuri 40 Gbps, ni kimwe na Thunderbolt 3 (bita "Inkuba 3 ″ hepfo).

Mubyukuri, USB4 izaba ifite umuvuduko wa gatatu wo kohereza: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, na 40 Gbps. Niba rero ushaka kugura igikoresho gifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kohereza, ni ukuvuga 40 Gbps, wakagombye kugenzura neza ibisobanuro mbere yo kugura.

2. Bihujwe na Thunderbolt 3 intera:

Ibikoresho bimwe (sibyose) USB4 birashobora kandi guhuzwa na Thunderbolt 3. Nukuvuga, niba igikoresho cyawe gifite interineti ya USB4, birashoboka kandi guhuza igikoresho cya Thunderbolt 3 hanze. Ariko, ibi ntabwo ari itegeko. Niba bihuye cyangwa bidahuye biterwa nimyitwarire yuwakoze ibikoresho.

3. Ubushobozi bwimbaraga zo gutanga ibikoresho:

Niba ukoresheje icyambu cya USB4 mugihe nayo uyikoresha muguhuza kwerekana no kohereza amakuru, icyambu kizagabanya umurongo uhuye ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze. Kurugero, niba videwo isaba gusa 20% yumurongo mugari wo gutwara 1080p yerekana, noneho 80% isigaye yumurongo irashobora gukoreshwa mubindi bikorwa. Ibi ntibyashobokaga muri USB 3.2 no mubihe byashize. Mbere yibyo, uburyo bwa USB bwo gukora bwagombaga gusimburana.

4. Ibikoresho bya USB4 byose bizashyigikira USB PD

USB PD ni USB Power Delivery (USB power power), nimwe muribintu byingenzi byihuta byishyurwa protocole. Yateguwe kandi nishyirahamwe USB-NIBA. Ibi bisobanuro birashobora kugera kuri voltage nini cyane, hamwe nogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi agera kuri 100W, kandi icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi gishobora guhinduka kubuntu.

Ukurikije amabwiriza ya USB-NIBA, uburyo busanzwe bwimikorere ya USB PD yo kwishyuza bugomba kuba USB Type-C. Muri USB Type-C Imigaragarire, hari pin ebyiri, CC1 na CC2, zikoreshwa mumiyoboro ya PD itumanaho.

5. Imigaragarire ya USB Type-C yonyine niyo ishobora gukoreshwa

Hamwe nimiterere yavuzwe haruguru, nibisanzwe ko dushobora no kumenya ko USB4 ishobora gukora gusa binyuze muri USB Type-C ihuza. Mubyukuri, ntabwo USB PD gusa, ahubwo no mubindi bipimo bigezweho bya USB-NIBA, birakoreshwa gusa Ubwoko-C.

6. Irashobora gusubira inyuma ihuza na protocole yashize

USB4 irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nibikoresho bya USB 3 na USB 2 hamwe nibyambu. Nukuvuga, irashobora gusubira inyuma ihuza nibisanzwe protocole. Ariko, USB 1.0 na 1.1 ntibishyigikiwe. Kugeza ubu, interineti ikoresha iyi protocole hafi yabuze isoko.

Birumvikana ko, iyo uhuza igikoresho cya USB4 nicyambu cya USB 3.2, ntishobora kohereza kumuvuduko wa 40 Gbps. Kandi interineti ya kera ya USB 2 ntabwo izihuta gusa kuko ihujwe na USB4.