Intangiriro ya USB 4

Intangiriro ya USB 4

USB4 ni sisitemu ya USB yavuzwe mu bisobanuro bya USB4. Ihuriro ry’abateza imbere USB ryasohoye verisiyo yaryo ya 1.0 ku ya 29 Kanama 2019. Izina ryuzuye rya USB4 ni Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza amakuru "Thunderbolt 3" ryakozwe na Intel na Apple. Umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru wa USB4 ushobora kugera kuri 40 Gbps, ari na wo wikubye kabiri umuvuduko wa USB 3.2 (Gen2×2) iheruka gusohoka.

Bitandukanye n’amahame ya protocole ya USB yabanje, USB4 ikenera connector ya USB-C kandi ikeneye inkunga ya USB PD kugira ngo itange amashanyarazi. Ugereranyije na USB 3.2, yemerera gukora imiyoboro ya DisplayPort na PCI Express. Ubu buryo bugena uburyo bwo gusangira umuyoboro umwe wihuta cyane hamwe n’ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibikoresho bya terminal, bishobora gucunga neza ihererekanya ry’amakuru hakurikijwe ubwoko n’ikoreshwa. Ibicuruzwa bya USB4 bigomba gushyigikira ihererekanya ry’amakuru rya 20 Gbit/s kandi bishobora gushyigikira ihererekanya ry’amakuru rya 40 Gbit/s. Ariko, bitewe no kohereza imiyoboro, iyo kohereza amakuru avanze, nubwo amakuru yaba yoherejwe ku gipimo cya 20 Gbit/s, igipimo nyacyo cyo kohereza amakuru gishobora kuba kiri hejuru kurusha icya USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).

USB4 igabanyijemo verisiyo ebyiri: 20Gbps na 40Gbps. Ibikoresho bifite interface ya USB4 biboneka ku isoko bishobora gutanga umuvuduko wa 40Gbps wa Thunderbolt 3 cyangwa verisiyo yagabanijwe ya 20Gbps. Niba ushaka kugura igikoresho gifite umuvuduko wo kohereza ubutumwa bugufi cyane, ni ukuvuga 40Gbps, ni byiza gusuzuma ibisabwa mbere yo kugura. Ku bihe bisaba kohereza ubutumwa bwihuta cyane, guhitamo USB 3.1 C TO C ikwiye ni ingenzi kuko ari yo sosiyete ikomeye yo kugera ku gipimo cya 40Gbps.

Abantu benshi bari mu rujijo ku isano iri hagati ya USB4 na Thunderbolt 4. Mu by’ukuri, Thunderbolt 4 na USB4 byombi byubatswe hashingiwe kuri protocole y’ibanze ya Thunderbolt 3. Biruzuzanya kandi birahuye. Interineti zose ni Type-C, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa ni 40 Gbps kuri zombi.

Mbere na mbere, umugozi wa USB4 tuvuga ni igipimo ngenderwaho cya USB, kikaba ari imiterere ya protocole ijyanye n'imikorere n'ubushobozi bwa USB. USB4 ishobora kumvikana nk'"igisekuru cya kane" cy'iyi specification.

Porogaramu yo kohereza USB yatanzwe ku bufatanye kandi itegurwa n'ibigo byinshi birimo Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, na Nortel mu 1994. Yasohotse muri verisiyo ya USB V0.7 ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1994. Nyuma, ibyo bigo byashinze umuryango udaharanira inyungu wo guteza imbere no gushyigikira USB mu 1995, witwa USB Implementers Forum, ari na yo USB-IF izwiho, naho USB-IF ubu ikaba ari wo muryango uhuza USB.

Mu 1996, USB-IF yatanze ku mugaragaro amabwiriza ya USB1.0. Ariko, igipimo cyo kohereza USB1.0 cyari 1.5 Mbps gusa, umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gutanga wari 5V/500mA, kandi icyo gihe, hari ibikoresho bike cyane bya peripheral byashyigikiraga USB, bityo abakora motherboard ntibakunze gukora imiyoboro ya USB kuri motherboard.

▲USB 1.0

Muri Nzeri 1998, USB-IF yasohoye ibisobanuro bya USB 1.1. Igipimo cyo kohereza cyariyongereye kigera kuri 12 Mbps kuri iyi nshuro, kandi amakuru amwe na amwe ya tekiniki muri USB 1.0 yarakosowe. Umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi wagumye kuri 5V/500mA.

Muri Mata 2000, hashyizweho uburyo bwa USB 2.0 busanzwe, bufite umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru wa 480 Mbps, ari wo 60MB/s. Ni inshuro 40 ugereranyije na USB 1.1. Umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi ni 5V/500mA, kandi ikoresha igishushanyo cya 4-pin. USB 2.0 iracyakoreshwa kugeza n'uyu munsi kandi ishobora kuvugwa ko ari bwo buryo bwa USB burambye cyane.

Guhera kuri USB 2.0, USB-IF yagaragaje "impano yabo idasanzwe" mu guhindura amazina.

Muri Kamena 2003, USB-IF yahinduye izina ry’ibipimo n’amahame ngenderwaho ya USB, ihindura USB 1.0 muri verisiyo ya USB 2.0 y’umuvuduko muto, USB 1.1 muri verisiyo ya USB 2.0 y’umuvuduko wose, na USB 2.0 muri verisiyo ya USB 2.0 y’umuvuduko mwinshi.

Ariko, iyi mpinduka ntacyo yahinduye ku miterere y’icyo gihe, kuko USB 1.0 na 1.1 byavuye mu mateka.

Mu Gushyingo 2008, Itsinda rya USB 3.0 Promoter, rigizwe n'ibigo bikomeye mu nganda nka Intel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, na ST-NXP, ryujuje ubuziranenge bwa USB 3.0 rirabushyira ahagaragara. Izina ryemewe ryatanzwe ryari "SuperSpeed". Itsinda rya USB Promoter rishinzwe cyane cyane iterambere n'ishyirwaho ry'ubuziranenge bwa USB, kandi ubu buryo buzahererezwa USB-IF kugira ngo ibucunge.

Igipimo ntarengwa cyo kohereza amakuru cya USB 3.0 kigera kuri 5.0 Gbps, ni ukuvuga 640MB/s. Umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gutanga amakuru ni 5V/900mA. Irahuye neza na 2.0 kandi ishyigikira kohereza amakuru yuzuye (ni ukuvuga ko ishobora kwakira no kohereza amakuru icyarimwe, mu gihe USB 2.0 ari igice cya kabiri), ndetse ifite ubushobozi bwo gucunga ingufu n'ibindi bintu.

USB 3.0 ikoresha igishushanyo cya pin 9. Pin 4 za mbere ni zimwe na USB 2.0, mu gihe pin 5 zisigaye zagenewe USB 3.0 by'umwihariko. Kubwibyo, ushobora kumenya niba ari USB 2.0 cyangwa USB 3.0 ukoresheje pin.

Muri Nyakanga 2013, USB 3.1 yasohotse, ifite umuvuduko wa 10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), ivuga ko ari SuperSpeed+, kandi voltage ntarengwa yemewe y’amashanyarazi yazamuwe igera kuri 20V/5A, ari yo 100W.

Ivugururwa rya USB 3.1 ugereranije na USB 3.0 naryo ryari rigaragara cyane. Ariko, nyuma y’igihe gito, USB-IF yahinduye USB 3.0 ihinduka USB 3.1 Gen1, na USB 3.1 ihinduka USB 3.1 Gen2.

Uku guhindura izina byateje ibibazo abaguzi kuko abacuruzi benshi b’abatekamutwe bashyize ikimenyetso ku bicuruzwa bishyigikira USB 3.1 mu ipaki gusa batagaragaje niba ari Gen1 cyangwa Gen2. Mu by’ukuri, imikorere yo kohereza amakuru yombi itandukanye cyane, kandi abaguzi bashobora kugwa mu mutego. Kubwibyo, iri hinduka ry’izina ryari igikorwa kibi ku baguzi benshi.

Muri Nzeri 2017, USB 3.2 yasohotse. Muri USB Type-C, ishyigikira imiyoboro ibiri ya 10 Gbps yo kohereza amakuru, ifite umuvuduko wa 2500 MB/s, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa w’amashanyarazi uracyari 20V/5A. Hari ibindi bintu bifite iterambere rito.

▲Inzira yo guhindura izina rya USB

Ariko, mu 2019, USB-IF yaje guhindura izina. Bahinduye USB 3.1 Gen1 (yari USB 3.0 ya mbere) bayita USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (yari USB 3.1 ya mbere) bayita USB 3.2 Gen2, na USB 3.2 bayita USB 3.2 Gen2.

Ubu n'ejo hazaza: Intambwe yo gutera imbere ya USB4

Noneho ko tumaze kugera kuri USB4, reka turebere hamwe ibyavuguruwe n'ibyavuguruwe muri iyi protocole nshya. Mbere na mbere, kubera ko ari ivugurura riva kuri "3″ rijya kuri "4″", iterambere rigomba kuba rinini.

Dukurikije amakuru yose twakusanyije, ibintu bishya bya USB4 bikubiye muri ubu buryo bukurikira:

1. Umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kohereza wa 40 Gbps:

Binyuze mu kohereza ubutumwa hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ibiri, umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kohereza ubutumwa wa USB4 ugomba kugera kuri 40 Gbps, ari na wo wa Thunderbolt 3 (witwa "Thunderbolt 3″ hepfo").

Mu by’ukuri, USB4 izaba ifite umuvuduko wa transmission itatu: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, na 40 Gbps. Niba rero ushaka kugura igikoresho gifite umuvuduko wo hejuru wo transmission, ni ukuvuga 40 Gbps, byaba byiza usuzumye ibisabwa mbere yo kugura.

2. Ihuye na interineti ya Thunderbolt 3:

Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe (si byose) bya USB4 bishobora kandi guhuza na Thunderbolt 3. Ni ukuvuga ko niba igikoresho cyawe gifite interface ya USB4, bishobora no guhuza igikoresho cya Thunderbolt 3 hanze. Ariko, ibi si itegeko. Kuba kijyanye cyangwa kitajyanye biterwa n'uko uwagikoze.

3. Ubushobozi bwo gutanga umutungo wa bandwidth ihindagurika:

Iyo ukoresheje umuyoboro wa USB4 mu gihe ukoresha kandi mu guhuza ecran no kohereza amakuru, umuyoboro uzagena umuyoboro ujyanye n'uko ibintu bimeze. Urugero, niba videwo isaba gusa 20% by'umuyoboro kugira ngo itware ecran ya 1080p, 80% bisigaye by'umuyoboro bishobora gukoreshwa mu yindi mirimo. Ibi ntibyashobokaga muri USB 3.2 no mu bihe byashize. Mbere y'ibyo, uburyo bwo gukora bwa USB bwari ugusimburana.

4. Ibikoresho bya USB4 byose bizashyigikira USB PD

USB PD ni USB Power Delivery (USB power transmission), ikaba ari imwe muri protocole zigezweho zo gusharija vuba. Yanakozwe n'ikigo cya USB-IF. Iyi specification ishobora kugera ku muvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, aho ingufu ntarengwa zigera kuri 100W, kandi icyerekezo cy'amashanyarazi gishobora guhinduka nta nkomyi.

Dukurikije amabwiriza ya USB-IF, imiterere isanzwe ya USB PD charger interface ikoreshwa ubu igomba kuba USB Type-C. Muri USB Type-C interface, hari pin ebyiri, CC1 na CC2, zikoreshwa mu miyoboro yo gushyiraho itumanaho ya PD.

5. Interineti ya USB Type-C ni yo yonyine ishobora gukoreshwa

Dukurikije iyi porogaramu yavuzwe haruguru, ni ibisanzwe ko dushobora no kumenya ko USB4 ishobora gukora gusa binyuze mu miyoboro ya USB Type-C. Mu by'ukuri, si USB PD gusa, ahubwo no mu zindi ngenderwaho za USB-IF, ikoreshwa gusa kuri Type-C.

6. Ishobora kuba ijyanye n'amabwiriza ya kera

USB4 ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'ibikoresho bya USB 3 na USB 2 hamwe n'ibyambu. Ni ukuvuga ko ishobora kuba ijyanye n'amahame ya protocole yabanje. Ariko, USB 1.0 na 1.1 ntabwo zishyigikiwe. Kuri ubu, imiyoboro ikoresha iyi protocole hafi ya yose yazimiye ku isoko.

Birumvikana ko iyo uhuza igikoresho cya USB4 na port ya USB 3.2, ntashobora kohereza ubutumwa ku muvuduko wa 40 Gbps. Kandi interface ya USB 2 ishaje ntabwo izihuta kuko ihujwe na interface ya USB4.