Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwa USB4 Kuva ku Muvuduko wa 40Gbps, Bandwidth Ihindagurika kugeza ku Guhuza Umugozi Ukora Byuzuye
Kuva USB4 yatangira gukoreshwa, twagiye dusohora inyandiko nyinshi n'amakuru ajyanye no gusangira amakuru ajyanye nayo. Ariko, gukundwa kwarakomeye cyane ku buryo abantu bose bibaza ku isoko rya USB4. Guhera mu ntangiriro za USB 1.0 no mu buryo bwo kohereza amakuru bwa 1.5Mbps, USB yagiye inyura mu bisekuru byinshi. Habayeho uburyo butandukanye nka USB 1.0, USB 2.0, na USB 3.0, kandi imiterere ya interface n'imiterere byayo birimo USB Type-A, USB Type-B, na USB Type-C isanzweho ubu, nibindi. USB4 ntabwo ifite umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru gusa ahubwo inafite uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza amakuru (ishyigikira imikoranire inyuma, ni ukuvuga imikoranire na verisiyo nke). Ishobora guhuza hafi ya ibikoresho byose neza no kubishyuza. Niba telefoni yawe, mudasobwa, moniteri, printer, nibindi byose bishyigikira USB4, noneho mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, ukeneye gusa insinga y'amakuru ishyigikira USB4 kugira ngo uhuze ibikoresho, bigatuma ibiro byo mu rugo byoroha cyane. Ntabwo ukeneye kugura insinga zitandukanye zo guhindura interface. Kubwibyo, USB4 ishobora gutuma uburyo bwacu bwo gukora butandukanye kandi bworoshye. Byongeye kandi, ikindi kintu gitangaje cya USB4 ni uko byitezwe ko izakoreshwa mu bikoresho byo mu nkombe bishyigikira ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhanga bw’ubukorano.
01 USB4 ugereranije na USB3.2
USB 3.2 ni uburyo bushya bwashyizweho n'ikigo cya USB-IF. Mu by'ukuri bwatangijwe muri Nzeri 2017. Mu rwego rwa tekiniki, USB 3.2 ni uburyo bwiza kandi bwuzuzanya na USB 3.1. Impinduka nyamukuru ni uko umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru wongerewe ukagera kuri 20 Gbps, kandi uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru buracyakurikiraUbwoko-CGahunda yashyizweho mu gihe cya USB 3.1, ntabwo ishyigikira uburyo bwa Type-A na Type-B. USB4 na USB3.2 zombi zikoresha uburyo bwa Type-C, ariko USB4 iragoye cyane. USB4 ishyigikira uburyo bwo kohereza no kwakira amakuru ya host-to-host, PCI Express® (PCIe®), DisplayPort audio/video, na USB binyuze kuri interface imwe ya Type-C kuri link imwe. Hosts ebyiri za USB4 zishobora guhanahana amakuru ya IP binyuze muri tunnel ya host-to-host; DisplayPort na USB tunnel transmission bivuze ko amajwi, videwo, amakuru, n'imbaraga bishobora koherezwa binyuze kuri interface imwe, byihuta cyane kuruta gukoresha USB3.2. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwa PCIe tunnel transmission bushobora gutanga bandwidth nyinshi, latency nke, kandi bukagera ku musaruro mwinshi wo kubika amakuru menshi, ubwenge bw'ubukorano, n'ibindi bikorwa.
USB4 ihuza imiyoboro ibiri yo kohereza no kwakira amakuru muri interineti imwe ya USB-C, ifite umuvuduko wa 20 Gbps na40 Gbps, kandi buri muyoboro ushobora kugira igipimo cy'amakuru kingana na 10 Gbps cyangwa 20 Gbps. Ku bakora chips, aya makuru ni ingenzi cyane. Bagomba kumenya ko muri Thunderbolt3 mode, igipimo cy'amakuru kuri buri muyoboro wo kohereza no kwakira ni 10.3125 Gbps cyangwa 20.625 Gbps. Mu buryo busanzwe bwa USB, umuyoboro umwe gusa wo kohereza/kwakira ukoresha igipimo cya5 Gbps (USB3.0) or 10 Gbps (USB3.1), mu gihe imiyoboro ibiri ya USB3.2 ikora ku gipimo cya 10 Gbps.
Ku bijyanye no kuramba, ibice bikoresha imbaraga bya Type-C ahanini ni agasanduku k'icyuma ko hanze, gakomeye kandi gashobora kwangirika cyane. Umuyoboro w'amakuru urinzwe n'igifuniko gifite ishusho nk'iy'uruziga, bigatuma bigorana kwangirika. Ibisabwa mu gishushanyo bigaragaza koUbwoko bwa USB Cishobora kwihanganira plug-ins zirenga 10.000 no kuzikuramo nta kwangirika. Iyo ibazwe hashingiwe ku plug-ins 3 no kuzikuramo ku munsi, interface ya USB Type-C ishobora gukoreshwa byibuze imyaka 10.
02 Kohereza USB4 mu buryo bwihuse
Nyuma yo gusohora ku mugaragaro protocole ya USB 3.2, umuryango wa USB wahise utangaza ibisabwa kuri USB 4 mu gihe gito. Bitandukanye n'amahame yabanje nkaUSB 3.2, byari bishingiye kuri protocole ya USB ubwayo, USB 4 ntabwo ikoresha imiterere ya USB ku rwego rwayo rw'ibanze ahubwo ikoresha protocole ya Thunderbolt 3 Intel yahishuye byuzuye. Iyi niyo mpinduka nini mu iterambere rya USB mu myaka myinshi ishize. Iyo ukoresheje connector ya Type-C mu guhuza, imikorere ya USB4 isimbura iya USB 3.2, naho USB 2.0 ishobora gukora icyarimwe. USB 3.2 Enhanced SuperSpeed ikomeje kuba ibanze mu kohereza amakuru ya "USB" ku murongo wa USB 4. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya USB4 na USB 3.2 ni uko USB4 ishingiye ku guhuza. USB4 yakozwe ifite imiyoboro yo kohereza amakuru aturutse kuri protocole nyinshi kuri interface imwe y'umubiri. Bityo, umuvuduko n'ubushobozi bwa USB4 bishobora gusangirwa mu buryo buhindagurika. USB4 ishobora gushyigikira izindi protocole zo kwerekana cyangwa itumanaho rya host-to-host mu gihe kohereza amakuru bikomeje. Byongeye kandi, USB4 yongereye umuvuduko w'itumanaho kuva kuri 20 Gbps (Gen2x2) ya USB 3.2 kugeza kuri40 Gbps (Gen3x2)ku buryo bumwe bwo gushushanya inzira ebyiri, bubiri kandi burimo inzira ebyiri.
USB4 ntabwo ikoresha USB yihuta gusa (ishingiye kuri USB3), ahubwo inasobanura imiyoboro yo kwerekana ishingiye kuri DisplayPort n'imiyoboro yo gushyiramo ibikoresho/ububiko ishingiye kuri PCIe.
Uburyo bwo kwerekana: Porogaramu ya USB4 ishingiye kuri DisplayPort 1.4a. DP 1.4a ubwayo irashyigikira8k kuri 60Hz or 4k kuri 120Hz. USB4 host igomba gushyigikira DisplayPort ku mbuga zose zo hasi. Niba ukoresha port ya USB 4 kugira ngo wohereze videwo n'amakuru icyarimwe, port izagena bandwidth ikwiye. Kubwibyo, niba videwo isaba gusa 20% bya bandwidth kugira ngo itware monitor yawe ya 1080p (nayo ni hub), noneho 80% bisigaye bya videwo bishobora gukoreshwa mu kohereza amadosiye kuva kuri SSD yo hanze.
Ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro ya PCIe: Inkunga ya PCIe itangwa na USB4 hosts ni amahitamo. Imiyoboro ya USB4 igomba gushyigikira imiyoboro ya PCIe kandi switch ya PCIe imbere igomba kuba ihari.
Igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibisobanuro bya USB 4 ni ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingano y'ibikoresho biboneka mu gihe cyo kohereza videwo n'amakuru binyuze mu guhuza kumwe. Rero, tuvuge ko ufite ntarengwa yaUSB 4 ya 40 Gbpskandi barimo gukoporora amadosiye manini bakuye kuri SSD yo hanze hanyuma bakayashyira kuri ecran ya 4K. Tuvuge ko isoko rya videwo risaba hafi 12.5 Gbps. Muri iki gihe, USB 4 izashyira 27.5 Mbps zisigaye kuri disiki y'inyuma.
USB-C ishyiramo "uburyo bundi", ari bwo bushobozi bwo kohereza videwo ya DisplayPort/HDMI uvuye kuri port ya Type-C. Ariko, uburyo bwa 3.x buriho ntabwo butanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutandukanya umutungo. Nk’uko Saunders abivuga, uburyo bwa DisplayPort alt bushobora kugabanya neza bandwidth hagati y’amakuru ya USB n’amakuru ya videwo muri 50/50, mu gihe uburyo bwa HDMI alt butemerera ikoreshwa rya USB icyarimwe.
USB4 igena urwego rwa 40Gbps, rutuma habaho gusangira bandwidth ku buryo insinga imwe y'amakuru ishobora kuzuza imirimo myinshi. Hamwe na USB4, birashoboka kohereza icyarimwe PCIe no kwerekana amakuru ku murongo umwe, hamwe n'imikorere gakondo ya USB, ndetse no gutanga ingufu (binyuze kuri USB PD) mu buryo bworoshye cyane. Mu gihe kizaza, ibikoresho byinshi byo ku ruhande, byaba ari imiyoboro yihuta cyane, amakarita y'ibishushanyo yo hanze, ecran zigaragaza neza, ibikoresho binini byo kubika amakuru byihuta cyane, cyangwa ndetse n'imashini imwe n'indi, bishobora guhuzwa binyuze kuri interface ya Type-C. Byongeye kandi, niba ibyo bikoresho bikoresha USB4 Hub, ushobora kandi guhuza ibikoresho byinshi mu buryo bukurikiranye cyangwa mu mashami aturutse kuri ibyo bikoresho, ibyo bikaba byoroshye cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-20-2025
