Intangiriro ku bipimo bya PCIe 5.0

• Intangiriro ku bipimo bya PCIe 5.0

Ibisobanuro bya PCIe 4.0 byarangiye mu 2017, ariko ntibyashyigikiwe n'abaguzi kugeza igihe AMD ya 7nm Rydragon 3000 series, kandi mbere byari ibikoresho nka supercomputer, ububiko bwihuta cyane, n'ibikoresho bya interineti byakoreshaga ikoranabuhanga rya PCIe 4.0. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya PCIe 4.0 ritarakoreshwa ku rugero runini, umuryango wa PCI-SIG umaze igihe kinini utegura PCIe 5.0 yihuta, igipimo cy'amajwi cyikubye kabiri kuva kuri 16GT/s ubu kugera kuri 32GT/s, bandwidth ishobora kugera kuri 128GB/s, kandi specification ya verisiyo 0.9/1.0 yararangiye. verisiyo ya v0.7 y'inyandiko isanzwe ya PCIe 6.0 yoherejwe ku banyamuryango, kandi iterambere ry'ibipimo riri mu nzira nziza. Igipimo cya pin cya PCIe 6.0 cyongerewe kigera kuri 64 GT/s, bikubye inshuro 8 ugereranyije na PCIe 3.0, kandi bandwidth mu miyoboro ya x16 ishobora kuba nini kurusha 256GB/s. Mu yandi magambo, umuvuduko wa PCIe 3.0 x8 ubu ukeneye umuyoboro umwe gusa wa PCIe 6.0. Ku bijyanye na v0.7, PCIe 6.0 yageze ku bintu byinshi byatangajwe mbere, ariko ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi riracyariyongera.d, kandi ubusanzwe bwazanye ibikoresho bishya byo gushyiraho ingufu za L0p. Birumvikana ko nyuma y'itangazo ryo mu 2021, PCIe 6.0 ishobora kugurishwa mu 2023 cyangwa 2024 vuba. Urugero, PCIe 5.0 yemejwe mu 2019, kandi ubu ni bwo habayeho ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho.

Ugereranyije n'ibipimo bisanzwe byabanje, ibipimo bya PCIe 4.0 byatinze cyane. Ibipimo bya PCIe 3.0 byashyizwe ahagaragara mu 2010, imyaka 7 nyuma y'uko PCIe 4.0 ishyizwe ahagaragara, bityo igihe cyo gukoresha ibipimo bya PCIe 4.0 gishobora kuba gito. By'umwihariko, bamwe mu bacuruzi batangiye gukora ibikoresho bya PCIe 5.0 PHY.

Umuryango wa PCI-SIG witeze ko ibi bipimo byombi bizamara igihe runaka, kandi PCIe 5.0 ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku bikoresho bikora neza bifite ibisabwa byinshi byo gukoresha, nka Gpus kuri AI, ibikoresho bya network, n'ibindi, bivuze ko PCIe 5.0 ishobora kugaragara cyane mu duce twa data center, network, na HPC. Ibikoresho bifite bandwidth nkeya, nka desktops, bishobora gukoresha PCIe 4.0.

Kuri PCIe 5.0, igipimo cy'amajwi cyongerewe kuva kuri PCIe 4.0's 16GT/s kigera kuri 32GT/s, haracyakoreshwa encoding ya 128/130, naho bandwidth ya x16 yongerewe kuva kuri 64GB/s kigera kuri 128GB/s.

Uretse gukuba kabiri umuyoboro wa interineti, PCIe 5.0 izana izindi mpinduka, ihindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo inoze ubuziranenge bw'amajwi, ihuze na PCIe, n'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, PCIe 5.0 yakozwe ifite amahame mashya agabanya gutinda no kugabanuka kw'amajwi mu ntera ndende.

Umuryango wa PCI-SIG witeze kurangiza verisiyo ya 1.0 y’ibisobanuro mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, ariko bashobora guteza imbere amahame ngenderwaho, ariko ntibashobora kugenzura igihe igikoresho cya terminal kizashyirwa ku isoko, kandi biteganijwe ko ibikoresho bya mbere bya PCIe 5.0 bizatangira gukoreshwa uyu mwaka, kandi ibindi bikoresho bizagaragara mu 2020. Ariko, kuba hakenewe umuvuduko mwinshi byatumye urwego rusanzwe rugena icyiciro gitaha cya PCI Express. Intego ya PCIe 5.0 ni ukongera umuvuduko w’amahame ngenderwaho mu gihe gito gishoboka. Kubwibyo, PCIe 5.0 yagenewe kongera umuvuduko ukagera ku gipimo ngenderwaho cya PCIe 4.0 nta bindi bintu bishya by’ingenzi.

Urugero, PCIe 5.0 ntabwo ishyigikira ibimenyetso bya PAM 4 ahubwo irimo gusa ibintu bishya bikenewe kugira ngo PCIe ibeshe gushyigikira 32 GT/s mu gihe gito gishoboka.

Imbogamizi ku bikoresho

Ikibazo gikomeye mu gutegura ibicuruzwa bizafasha PCI Express 5.0 kizaba gifitanye isano n'uburebure bw'umuyoboro. Uko umuvuduko w'amajwi wihuta, niko umuvuduko w'amajwi woherezwa binyuze kuri PC uba mwinshi. Ubwoko bubiri bw'ibyangiritse ku mubiri bugabanya urugero abahanga mu bya tekiniki bashobora gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso bya PCIe:

· 1. Kugabanya umuyoboro

· 2. Ubwiyongere bw'ingufu bubaho mu muyoboro bitewe n'inzitizi mu migozi, imiyoboro, imyobo yo kunyuramo n'izindi nyubako.

Ibisobanuro bya PCIe 5.0 bikoresha imiyoboro ifite -36dB attenuation kuri 16 GHz. Frequency ya 16 GHz ihagarariye frequency ya Nyquist ku bimenyetso bya digitale bya 32 GT/s. Urugero, iyo ikimenyetso cya PCIe5.0 gitangiye, gishobora kugira voltage isanzwe ya 800 mV. Ariko, nyuma yo kunyura mu muyoboro wa -36dB usabwa, ikintu cyose gisa n'ijisho rifunguye kirabura. Gusa hakoreshejwe equalization ishingiye kuri transmitter (de-accentuating) na equalization ya receiver (uruvange rwa CTLE na DFE) ni bwo ikimenyetso cya PCIe5.0 gishobora kunyura mu muyoboro wa sisitemu kandi kigasobanurwa neza n'uwinjira. Uburebure bw'ijisho butegerejwe bwa PCIe 5.0 ni 10mV (post-equalization). Nubwo haba hari transmitter iri hasi hafi ya fitted, kugabanuka gukomeye k'umuyoboro kugabanya amplitude y'ikimenyetso kugeza aho ubundi bwoko bw'ibyangiritse byatewe no kugarura no kuvugana bishobora gufungwa kugira ngo ijisho rigaruke.