Umugozi utandukanye USB4 insinga

Bus ya Universal Serial Bus (USB) birashoboka ko ari imwe mumikorere itandukanye kwisi. Byabanje gutangizwa na Intel na Microsoft nibiranga nkibikoresho bishyushye no gukina bishoboka. Kuva hashyirwaho USB interineti muri 1994, nyuma yimyaka 26 yiterambere, binyuze muri USB 1.0 / 1.1, USB2.0, USB 3.x, amaherezo yateye imbere kuri USB4 y'ubu; Igipimo cyo kohereza nacyo cyiyongereye kuva kuri 1.5Mbps kugera kuri 40Gbps iheruka. Kugeza ubu, ntabwo telefone zigendanwa zashyizwe ahagaragara gusa zishyigikira cyane ubwoko bwa Type-C, ariko kandi na mudasobwa yamakaye, kamera ya digitale, disikuru zikoresha ubwenge, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bigendanwa nibindi bikoresho byatangiye gukoresha TYPE-C yihariye USB interineti, yatangijwe neza mumashanyarazi. Mu mwanya wa USB-A, Model 3 nshya ya Tesla ifite ibyambu bya usB-C, kandi Apple yahinduye rwose macBooks na AirPods Pro ku byambu bya USB Type-C byera byo kohereza amakuru no kwishyuza. Mubyongeyeho, ukurikije ibisabwa eu, pome izanakoresha USB ubwoko bwa c-interineti mugihe kizaza cya iPhone15, kandi ntagushidikanya ko USB4 izaba interineti nyamukuru yibicuruzwa kumasoko azaza.

Ibisabwa kuri USB4

Impinduka nini muri USB4 nshya ni intangiriro ya protocole ya Thunderbolt Intel yasangiye na usb-niba. Kwiruka hejuru yuburyo bubiri, umurongo wikubye kabiri kugeza kuri 40Gbps, kandi Umuyoboro ushyigikira amakuru menshi no kwerekana protocole. Ingero zirimo PCI Express na DisplayPort. Byongeye kandi, USB4 ikomeza guhuza neza nogutangiza protocole nshya ishingiye, kuba inyuma igahuzwa na USB3.2 / 3.1 / 3.0 / 2.0, kimwe na Thunderbolt 3. Kubera iyo mpamvu, USB4 yabaye USB igoye cyane kugeza ubu, isaba abashushanya gusobanukirwa USB4, USB3.2, USB2.0, USB Type-C na USB Power Delivery. Mubyongeyeho, abashushanya bagomba gusobanukirwa PCI Express na DisplayPort ibisobanuro, hamwe nubuhanga bwa HIGH-DEFINITION bwo kurinda ibintu (HDCP) bujyanye nuburyo bwa USB4 DisplayPort, hamwe ninsinga hamwe nu muhuza tumenyereye bifite ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango byuzuze amashanyarazi akenewe kubikoresho bya USB4 byarangiye.

Verisiyo ya coaxial ya USB4 yavuye ahantu

Mugihe cya USB3.1 10G, abayikora benshi bafashe imiterere ya coaxial kugirango bahuze ibisabwa nibikorwa byinshyi. Impapuro za Coaxial ntizakoreshejwe muburyo bwa USB mbere, ibintu byakoreshwaga ni cyane cyane Ikaye, terefone igendanwa, GPS, igikoresho cyo gupima, ikoranabuhanga rya Bluetooth, n'ibindi. Gukoresha muri rusange ibisobanuro bya kabili ni umurongo wa coaxial umurongo, umurongo wa elegitoroniki ya teflon, umurongo wa elegitoronike ya radiyo, n'ibindi, hamwe n'ibisabwa kugenzura ibiciro byinshi ku isoko, mu gihe cya USB3.1 cyo kwihagararaho kugira ngo uhuze n'ibicuruzwa bikenerwa cyane ku isoko, ariko byihuta cyane ku isoko rya USB, kwihuta kwihuta gukenera insinga zifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya-kwivanga no gukora neza kwamashanyarazi, Kugirango hamenyekane ituze ryogukwirakwiza kwinshi, USB4 yubu iracyari verisiyo nyamukuru ya coaxial, umusaruro wa coaxial hamwe ninganda ni inzira igoye, kugirango ikemure umuvuduko mwinshi kandi byihuta bisaba ibikoresho bibyara umusaruro kandi bikuze kandi bihamye. Mu musaruro wibicuruzwa, guhitamo ibikoresho, ibipimo byuburyo no kugenzura inzira, ibipimo byamashanyarazi byibizamini bya laboratoire yihariye bigira uruhare runini, mugihe cyose iterambere ryiterambere ryimiterere ya coaxial, usibye ko (igiciro cyibikoresho, igiciro cyo gutunganya gihenze) ibindi nibyiza, ariko iterambere ryisoko rihora rizenguruka muburyo bwo kugera kubiciro binini byicyiciro, Pair of twist burigihe yamye ari icyuho cyubushakashatsi bwiterambere hamwe niterambere.

Irashobora kugaragara uhereye kumiterere yumurongo wa coaxial, uhereye imbere ukageza hanze, muburyo bukurikira: umuyoboro wo hagati, urwego rukingira, urwego ruyobora hanze (meshi yicyuma), uruhu rwinsinga. Umugozi wa Coaxial ni compte igizwe nabayobora babiri. Umugozi wo hagati wumugozi wa coaxial ukoreshwa mugutanga ibimenyetso. Urushundura rukingira icyuma rufite inshingano ebyiri: kimwe ni ugutanga icyerekezo kigezweho kubimenyetso nkibisanzwe, naho ubundi ni uguhagarika kwivanga kw urusaku rwa electromagnetiki kuri signal nkurushundura rukingira. Umugozi wo hagati hamwe numuyoboro ukingira hagati ya polipropilene ya polipropilene igice cya kabiri, urwego rwimikorere rugena ibimenyetso byogukwirakwiza umugozi, kandi rukarinda neza insinga yo hagati, bihenze bifite impamvu zihenze.

USB4 yagoretse verisiyo iraza?

Mugihe imiyoboro ya elegitoronike ikora kumurongo mwinshi, ibiranga amashanyarazi yibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigorana kubyiga. Iyo ingano yibigize cyangwa ingano yumuzunguruko yose ugereranije nuburebure bwumurongo wumurongo wikurikiranya urenze umwe, agaciro ka capacitance yumuzunguruko wumuzunguruko, cyangwa ibice bya parasitike yingirakamaro yibintu nibindi nibindi, nubwo twakoreshaga imiterere ya wire, ibipimo fatizo byibanze ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya, kandi byoroshye kurenza verisiyo ya coaxial yimiterere na diameter yayo iri kure, Kuki ntashobora gushyira muburyo bubiri USB? Muri rusange, hejuru yinshuro zikoreshwa rya kabili, nigihe kigufi cyumurambararo wikimenyetso, kandi ntoya ya skew ikibanza, nibyiza kuringaniza. Nubwo bimeze bityo, uduce duto cyane tuzana umusaruro muke hamwe na sprain ya insinga yibanze. Ikibanza cyumurongo ni gito cyane, umubare wa torsion ni mwinshi, kandi guhangayikishwa na torsion kumurongo byibanze cyane, bikavamo ihinduka rikomeye no kwangirika kwurwego rwimitsi, hanyuma bigatera kugoreka umurima wa electromagnetique, bikagira ingaruka kubimenyetso bimwe byamashanyarazi nkagaciro ka SRL no kwiyongera. Iyo insulentricité ibaho, intera iri hagati yabatwara ihinduka rimwe na rimwe kubera impinduramatwara no guhinduranya umurongo umwe, bizana ihindagurika ryigihe cya impedance. Igihe cyo guhindagurika ni kirekire. Mugihe cyogukwirakwiza kwinshi, iri hinduka ryihuse rirashobora gutahurwa numuyoboro wa electromagnetic kandi bikagira ingaruka kubitakaza agaciro. Verisiyo ya USB4 ntishobora gukoreshwa mubice.

Ntabwo ari hasi, ariko ntushake gukoresha coaxial yurupfu rwawe, nuko abantu batangira kugenzura itandukaniro USB4 ikingira uburyo bwo gukora ibicuruzwa, kugirango wandike ikibi kinini ni umuyoboro uhindagurika byoroshye, kandi itandukaniro hamwe na packet ibangikanye kumurimo wo murugo, irinde imiyoboro ya kiyobora, nkuko twese tubizi, kurubu UKORESHEJWE itandukaniro ryumurongo wa SAS, SFP + nibindi bikoreshwa muburyo bwihuse kumurongo ugaragara kugirango ugaragaze umurongo wihuse kumurongo uhagije kugirango ugaragaze umurongo wihuse kumurongo uhagije kugirango ugaragaze umurongo wihuse kumurongo uhagije ni Kohereza amakuru Ibimenyetso, ariko iyo tuyakoresheje hirya no hino hashobora kugaragara ubwoko bwose bwamakuru yivanga. Reka dutekereze niba ibyo bimenyetso byo kwivanga byinjira mumbere yimbere yumurongo wamakuru hanyuma ukarenga hejuru yikimenyetso cyambere cyatanzwe, birashoboka kubangamira cyangwa guhindura ibimenyetso byambere byatanzwe, bityo bigatera gutakaza ibimenyetso byingirakamaro cyangwa ibibazo? Kandi itandukaniro rya aluminiyumu foil ni ukutwoherereza amakuru kugirango dukine uruhare rwo kurinda no gukingira, bikoreshwa mukugabanya kwivanga kwibyapa byigenga byo hanze byoherejwe, ibikoresho nyamukuru byumukandara hamwe na aluminium foil gukurura ni ugukoresha kashe ya aluminiyumu no gukingira, impande imwe cyangwa impande zombi kuri firime ya plastike, lu: su compile foil ikoreshwa nkingabo ya kabili. Umugozi winsinga usaba amavuta make hejuru, nta mwobo hamwe nubukanishi buhanitse. Inzira yo gupfunyika ni ugukusanya insinga ebyiri zifatanije hamwe ninsinga zubutaka hamwe hakoreshejwe imashini. Muri icyo gihe, igice cya fayili ya aluminiyumu hamwe na kaseti yo kwifata-polyester kaseti ku mugati wo hanze bikoreshwa mu gukingira insinga no guhuza imiterere yo gupfunyika insinga. Iyi nzira igira ingaruka zikomeye kumitungo y'insinga, harimo impedance, gutinda gutandukanya, kwiyitirira, kubera ko ibyo bigomba kubyara umusaruro ushimishije mubukorikori, gukora ibizamini kumitungo y'amashanyarazi, kugirango harebwe niba insinga zipfunyitse zihuye nibisabwa. Birumvikana, ntabwo imirongo yose yamakuru ifite ibice bibiri byo gukingira. Bamwe bafite ibice byinshi, bimwe bifite urwego rumwe gusa, cyangwa ntanumwe rwose. Gukingira ni ugutandukanya ibyuma hagati yuturere tubiri kugirango tugenzure kwinjiza nimirasire yumuraba wamashanyarazi, magnetiki na electromagnetic kuva mukarere kamwe mukindi. Kugirango bisobanuke neza, intandaro yuyobora izengurutswe numubiri ukingira kugirango wirinde kwanduzwa numurima wa electromagnetic yumurima / ikimenyetso cyo kwivanga, no gukumira interineti yumuriro wa elegitoroniki / ibimenyetso bikwirakwira hanze. USB itandukanyirizo ryibice byinshi byerekana ibimenyetso birashobora kugereranwa na coaxial, itandukanyirizo ya USB4 iraza.